Ritual uses of Cissus quadrangularis (Vitaceae) among the Dghweɗe of the Gwoza Hills (NE Nigeria)
 
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The Gaɗagha have specialist knowledge over many ritual uses of Cissus quadrangularis. Gaɗagha can help to resolve a conflict but they can also inflict harm. If someone is on bad terms with a Ɗagha he might come to this person's house in the night and use a harmful vanvanza. This might lead to death. Many ordinary Dghweɗe have vavanz diwaghare growing near their houses in order to protect themselves against a potential Ɗagha attack.