Ritual uses of Cissus quadrangularis (Vitaceae) among the Dghweɗe of the Gwoza Hills (NE Nigeria)
 
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Vavanz daghile might have its origin outside the Dghweɗe society. It is not owned by the Gazhiwe (corn blesser), Gaske (rainmaker) or Ɗagha lineages but is cultivated and used by ordinary Dghweɗe.